Turkey Tail

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• A Note on Quality

  Not all mushroom extracts are created equal. Across the mushroom tincture industry there is a common practice to utilize extract ratios to “justify” potency without actually testing the concentration of desirable compounds. For example, a company may claim their tincture is potent due to using an extract ratio of 5:1, which indicates they use 5kg of raw materials to create 1kg of mushroom extract. But what if their extraction methods are just…inefficient? How does that company know that a 5:1 ratio yields a “potent” content of the desired compounds? How can these companies tell that their growing conditions and extraction methods are yielding a tincture that is high in these unique compounds? Other companies that claim “third-party tested” may also only test for polysaccharide content (i.e., beta glucans). Although alpha-beta glucans have many beneficial properties, functional mushrooms are typically grown because they have very unique compounds that are only produced by that particular mushroom, such as Ganodermic acid by Reishi. Even more so, companies may use myceliated grains and not fruiting bodies, which can skew the “polysaccharide content” in their tinctures since polysaccharides are founds in grains. Some companies may only do water-based extraction, which does not yield a “full spectrum” extract since certain compounds produced by mushrooms are more soluble in alcohols. At Gulf Spore we know our extracts are potent because we have done the work…we optimized our growing conditions, enhanced our extraction techniques, and performed rigorous lab tests for compounds other than beta-glucans! We use green chemistry methods and ultrasonication, or sound waves, to break open the tough cell walls of mushrooms and more efficiently access the unique compounds to deliver the purest and most potent mushroom tinctures on the market. We also grow our mushrooms from spore to harvest, using only organic and non-GMO substrate. In other words, we don’t cut corners so that we can extract the full potential of mushrooms!

• Bioactives

  • Polysaccharides, including polysaccharopeptides (PSP) and polysaccharide- K (PSK)(also known as Krestin)
  • Phenols and flavonoids, powerful antioxidants
  • Triterpenes, effective bioactives against inflammation and a variety of conditions‡
  • Ergosterol, which acts as a precursor to vitamin D2‡

• Research and References

  Olaide Olaide Ajibola, Cirilo Nolasco-Hipolito, Octavio Carvajal-Zarrabal, Shanti F Salleh, Gbadebo C Adeyinka, Stephen A Adefegha, Mirja K Ahmmed, Kazi Sumaiya, Raymond Thomas. Turkey tail mushroom (Trametes versicolor): an edible macrofungi with immense medicinal properties. Current Opinion in Food Science, Volume 58, 2024, 101191, ISSN 2214-7993, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2024.101191.

  
  Camilleri, E., Blundell, R., Baral, B. et al. A comprehensive review on the health benefits, phytochemicals, and enzymatic constituents for potential therapeutic and industrial applications of Turkey tail mushrooms. Discov Appl Sci 6, 257 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-05936-9.

  
  Fisher M, Yang LX. Anticancer effects and mechanisms of polysaccharide-K (PSK): implications of cancer immunotherapy. Anticancer Res. 2002 May-Jun;22(3):1737-54. PMID: 12168863.

  
  Jing Y, Zhang S, Li M, Ma Y, Zheng Y, Zhang D, Wu L. Research Progress on the Extraction, Structure, and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides from Coriolus versicolor. Foods. 2022; 11(14):2126. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11142126

  
  Habtemariam, Solomon. 2020. Trametes versicolor (Synn. Coriolus versicolor) Polysaccharides in Cancer Therapy: Targets and Efficacy. Biomedicines 8, no. 5: 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8050135.

  
  Williams LM, Berthon BS, Stoodley IL, Williams EJ, Wood LG. Medicinal Mushroom Extracts from Hericium coralloides and Trametes versicolor Exert Differential Immunomodulatory Effects on Immune Cells from Older Adults In Vitro. Nutrients. 2023 May 8;15(9):2227. doi: 10.3390/nu15092227. PMID: 37432355; PMCID: PMC10181344.

  
  Torkelson CJ, Sweet E, Martzen MR, Sasagawa M, Wenner CA, Gay J, Putiri A, Standish LJ. Phase 1 Clinical Trial of Trametes versicolor in Women with Breast Cancer. ISRN Oncol. 2012;2012:251632. doi: 10.5402/2012/251632. Epub 2012 May 30. PMID: 22701186; PMCID: PMC3369477.

  
  Cindy Lai-Hung Yang, Stanley Chi-Chung Chik, Allan Sik-Yin Lau, Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan. Coriolus versicolor and its bioactive molecule are potential immunomodulators against cancer cell metastasis via inactivation of MAPK pathway. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 301, 2023, 115790, ISSN 0378-8741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115790.

  
  D’Amico, Ramona, Angela Trovato Salinaro, Roberta Fusco, Marika Cordaro, Daniela Impellizzeri, Maria Scuto, Maria Laura Ontario, Gianluigi Lo Dico, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Rosanna Di Paola, and et al. 2021. Hericium erinaceus and Coriolus versicolor Modulate Molecular and Biochemical Changes after Traumatic Brain Injury. Antioxidants 10, no. 6: 898. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060898.

  
  Teymoorian, S.K., Nouri, H. & Moghimi, H. In-vivo and in-vitro wound healing and tissue repair effect of Trametes versicolor polysaccharide extract. Sci Rep 14, 3796 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54565-0.

  
  Jędrzejewski T, Pawlikowska M, Sobocińska J, Wrotek S. COVID-19 and Cancer Diseases—The Potential of Coriolus versicolor Mushroom to Combat Global Health Challenges. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(5):4864. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054864.

  
  Shi S, Yin L, Shen X, Dai Y, Wang J, Yin D, Zhang D, Pan X. β-Glucans from Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd Is Effective for Prevention of Influenza Virus Infection. Viruses. 2022; 14(2):237. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14020237.

  
  Huiling Tang, Zhengqi Zha, Yanfang Tan, Yuan Li, Yuzhi Jiao, Baowei Yang, Qingping Xiong, Hongping Yin, Hang Wang. Extraction and characterization of polysaccharide from fermented mycelia of Coriolus versicolor and its efficacy for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 248, 2023, 125951, ISSN 0141-8130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125951.

  
  Xian HM, Che H, Qin Y, Yang F, Meng SY, Li XG, Bai YL, Wang LH. Coriolus versicolor aqueous extract ameliorates insulin resistance with PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signaling pathways involved in diabetic skeletal muscle. Phytother Res. 2018 Mar;32(3):551-560. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6007. Epub 2017 Dec 15. PMID: 29243310.

  
  Fritz H, Kennedy DA, Ishii M, et al. Polysaccharide K and Coriolus versicolor Extracts for Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review. Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2015;14(3):201-211. doi:10.1177/1534735415572883.

• Cautions

  As always, consult your physician before consuming, especially if you are pregnant or taking other medications. Do not consume if you are allergic to mushrooms. Keep out of reach of children. Store in a cool place.